Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2022
Same author

[Role of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein B in virus assembly].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2021
Same author

A severe COVID-19 despite ongoing treatment with Lopinavir-Ritonavir.

Respiratory medicine and research·2020
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in adolescent girls to prevent infections in pregnant women living in France.

Vaccine·2018
Same author

Prognostic value of antibodies to Merkel cell polyomavirus T antigens and VP1 protein in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma.

The British journal of dermatology·2015
Same author

HSV-2 meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent young man: what is the pathogenesis and what is the treatment?

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
08:07

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Published on: February 17, 2016

[Genetic susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis].

F Rozenberg1

  • 1Service de virologie, pôle biologie pharmacie pathologie, hôpital Cochin, bâtiment Jean-Dausset, 27, rue du Faubourg-St-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France. flore.rozenberg@svp.aphp.fr

Pathologie-Biologie
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe brain infection. Genetic defects in the innate immune response, specifically involving TLR3 and interferon pathways, increase susceptibility to HSE in children.

More Related Videos

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
13:22

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
12:22

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
08:07

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Published on: February 17, 2016

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
13:22

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
12:22

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological complication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.
  • Despite advances in diagnostics and antivirals, HSE outcomes remain poor, with limited understanding of its molecular basis.
  • Host susceptibility factors are implicated in HSE pathogenesis.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the molecular and cellular determinants of HSE.
  • To elucidate the role of the innate immune response, particularly interferons (IFNs), in controlling HSV in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • To identify genetic defects predisposing individuals to HSE.

Summary:

  • Studies reveal a critical role for the innate immune system, especially interferons, in restricting HSV entry and replication within the CNS.
  • Specific genetic defects in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway impairing IFN-α/β and IFN-λ production were identified in children with HSE.
  • These defects render neurons and fibroblasts more vulnerable to HSV, leading to CNS invasion.

Impact:

  • Identified TLR3 pathway defects as a key factor in childhood HSE susceptibility, highlighting TLR3's importance in CNS antiviral defense.
  • Suggests that other factors like age and viral load influence disease manifestation due to incomplete clinical penetrance.
  • Opens avenues for further research into adult HSE pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.