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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

[Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis].

Beatriz Pozuelo-Moyano1, Julián Benito-León

  • 1Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Espana.

Revista De Neurologia
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D may influence multiple sclerosis (MS) risk, with observational studies showing an inverse relationship. However, intervention studies have not yet provided conclusive evidence on vitamin D

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Vitamin D is crucial for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone remodeling.
  • Emerging research highlights vitamin D's potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • This review critically examines the multifaceted relationship between vitamin D and MS.

Purpose:

  • To conduct a comprehensive review of existing evidence linking vitamin D to multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To analyze epidemiological, genetic, immunological, and therapeutic data concerning vitamin D and MS.
  • To evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and MS risk and progression.

Summary:

  • Observational studies consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between vitamin D concentrations and the risk of developing MS.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

  • Intervention studies, primarily randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials, have yielded inconclusive results regarding vitamin D's therapeutic efficacy in MS.
  • Current findings suggest a need for further prospective and intervention-based research to definitively establish the role of vitamin D in MS.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for robust clinical trials to clarify vitamin D's role in MS management.
    • Informs future research directions for understanding and potentially preventing or treating MS.
    • Provides a critical overview for clinicians and researchers investigating vitamin D and neurological disorders.