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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
13:18

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Published on: December 29, 2012

Adiponectin modulates NK-cell function.

Sabrina Wilk1, Alexander Jenke, Jenny Stehr

  • 1Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adiponectin (APN) influences Natural Killer (NK) cell function and differentiation. APN deficiency in mice leads to altered NK cell populations and reduced cytotoxic activity, impacting immune responses.

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Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
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Published on: December 29, 2012

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09:54

Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by FcγRIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies

Published on: May 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adiponectin (APN) is known for anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Its role in regulating Natural Killer (NK) cell function remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Adiponectin (APN) on NK cell function and differentiation.
  • To explore the expression of Adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) on human and murine NK cells.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze AdipoR expression on human and murine NK cells.
  • NK cell function assays were performed on Adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice.
  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production and NK cell cytotoxicity were measured.

Main Results:

  • Human CD56(dim) NK cells express AdipoR1 and AdipoR2; CD56(high) NK cells do not.
  • APN diminished TLR ligand-induced IFN-γ production but did not affect NK cell cytotoxicity in humans.
  • APN-KO mice showed increased NK cell frequencies but decreased cytotoxic degranulation and effector NK cell populations.
  • NK cell function was restored in APN-KO mice upon CVB3 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Adiponectin (APN) influences NK cell numerical and differentiation status beyond its anti-inflammatory effects.
  • These findings suggest APN's broader impact on immune-mediated diseases.
  • AdipoR expression patterns differ significantly between human and murine NK cells.