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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET
17:13

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

Published on: April 28, 2013

Nebulized pentamidine-induced acute renal allograft dysfunction.

Siddhesh Prabhavalkar1, Agnes Masengu, Declan O'Rourke

  • 1Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK.

Case Reports in Transplantation
|February 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nebulized pentamidine can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in kidney transplant patients. Discontinuing the drug led to improved graft function, suggesting reversible nephrotoxicity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET
17:13

Non-invasive Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection after Rat Renal Transplantation Using 18F-FDG PET

Published on: April 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Transplantation

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known complication of intravenous pentamidine.
  • A direct nephrotoxic effect causing acute tubular necrosis has been suspected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of severe renal allograft dysfunction caused by nebulized pentamidine.
  • To highlight the potential for reversible nephrotoxicity from nebulized pentamidine in kidney transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a kidney transplant patient experiencing recurrent AKI.
  • Analysis of the temporal relationship between nebulized pentamidine administration and creatinine elevation.
  • Renal histology to confirm acute tubular necrosis.
  • Observation of graft function after drug discontinuation.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with repeated episodes of unexplained AKI and acute tubular necrosis on histology.
  • Nebulized pentamidine was administered monthly for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis.
  • Each instance of nebulized pentamidine use preceded a rise in serum creatinine.
  • Discontinuation of nebulized pentamidine resulted in stabilization of kidney graft function.

Conclusions:

  • Nebulized pentamidine can induce reversible nephrotoxicity in kidney allografts.
  • This is the first reported case of nebulized pentamidine-induced nephrotoxicity in a kidney allograft.
  • Unexplained acute renal allograft dysfunction should prompt consideration of nebulized pentamidine as a potential cause.