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Related Concept Videos

Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis And Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis And Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Interphase00:54

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Interphase00:56

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

Is intracellular pH a clock for mitosis?

L John Gagliardi1, Daniel H Shain

  • 1Department of Physics, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.

Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracellular pH (pH) decreases during cell division (mitosis), impacting microtubule dynamics. This pH shift influences microtubule assembly and disassembly, controlling chromosome movement timing.

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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Intracellular pH (pHi) increases at mitosis onset and decreases by 0.3-0.5 pH units by mitosis end.
  • Tubulin net charge is pH-dependent, influencing microtubule dynamics.
  • Microtubule (MT) dynamics are sensitive to pH, with growth favored at higher pH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of intracellular pH changes in regulating microtubule dynamics during mitosis.
  • To explain the timing of chromosome movements based on pH-mediated MT dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo studies observing microtubule dynamics.
  • Analysis of intracellular pH changes during mitosis.

Main Results:

  • Intracellular pH decreases throughout mitosis.
  • Decreasing pH favors microtubule disassembly over assembly.
  • The shift in pH correlates with the transition from microtubule growth to oscillations during metaphase.

Conclusions:

  • The observed intracellular pH decrease during mitosis is a key regulator of microtubule dynamics.
  • This pH-dependent regulation explains the timing of chromosome motion during prophase, prometaphase, and metaphase.