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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Dissolved Solute Sampling Across an Oxic-Anoxic Soil-Water Interface Using Microdialysis Profilers
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Characterization of suboxic groundwater colloids using a multi-method approach.

Dan J Lapworth1, Björn Stolpe, Peter J Williams

  • 1British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom. djla@bgs.ac.uk

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Anoxic groundwater contains iron-rich nanoparticles (NP) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Aeration causes NP to aggregate, impacting their transport in subsurface environments.

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Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Anoxic groundwater environments host complex colloid systems.
  • Understanding nanoparticle (NP) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) behavior is crucial for environmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize anoxic groundwater colloids using minimally perturbing methods.
  • To investigate the impact of aeration on NP and DOM.

Main Methods:

  • Minimally perturbing sampling, processing, and analysis.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for NP height.
  • Flow Field Flow Fractionation (FlFFF) for DOM characterization.
  • Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM/SEM) for NP morphology.

Main Results:

  • Abundant iron-rich NPs (10-30 nm) and a polydisperse DOM fraction were identified.
  • AFM, TEM, and SEM confirmed NP heights and morphology.
  • FlFFF detected smaller organic macromolecules (1.5-2 nm hydrodynamic diameter).
  • Aeration induced NP agglomeration (>50 nm) and reduced UV-absorbing DOM.

Conclusions:

  • Complementary methods effectively characterize anoxic groundwater colloids.
  • NP agglomeration upon aeration is a significant factor in their environmental fate.
  • Findings are applicable to understanding NP transport in suboxic environments like leachate plumes and hyporheic zones.