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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
05:17

Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice

Published on: November 11, 2014

Best practices in newborn injections.

Desiree Hensel1, Gwyndolen Leigh Morson, Elizabeth A Preuss

  • 1Indiana University School of Nursing, Bloomington, IN, USA. dehensel@indiana.edu

MCN. the American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Evidence-based practices for newborn injections, including needle selection and pain management, can significantly reduce infant pain and improve vaccination safety and adherence. Nurses play a crucial role in implementing these improved injection techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric nursing
  • Evidence-based practice

Background:

  • Many current newborn injection practices lack scientific evidence.
  • These practices can lead to unintended negative consequences for infants.
  • Pain and safety during injections are critical concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of evidence-based practices in newborn injections.
  • To identify key factors influencing injection pain and safety.
  • To guide nurses in improving care quality and vaccination compliance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on newborn injection techniques.
  • Analysis of factors such as needle size, injection method, and pain control.
  • Emphasis on applying best available evidence in clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Suboptimal injection practices can increase infant pain and compromise safety.
  • Appropriate needle selection and technique are crucial for minimizing discomfort.
  • Effective pain management strategies enhance the injection experience.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing evidence-based injection practices is essential for neonatal care.
  • Nurses can improve patient outcomes by adopting best practices.
  • Optimizing injection procedures promotes long-term adherence to vaccination schedules.