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Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Generating and Co-culturing Murine Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons

Generating and Co-culturing Murine Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons

Published on: July 26, 2024

Microglial-neuronal interactions during neurodegenerative diseases.

Carol A Colton¹

¹Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2900, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Carol.Colton@Duke.edu

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology

|February 14, 2013

Summary

The brain

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

The brain's immune response was previously underestimated.
Various brain and spinal cord conditions exhibit distinct immune profiles over time.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the broad significance of neuroinflammation in disease.
To showcase current research and reviews on brain immunity.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature.
Analysis of immune phenotypes in neurological diseases.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the extensive involvement of brain immunity across diverse conditions.
Identified varying immune responses depending on the disease and its progression.

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Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Generating and Co-culturing Murine Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons

Generating and Co-culturing Murine Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons

Published on: July 26, 2024

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Conclusions:

Brain immunity is a critical factor in numerous neurological diseases.
Further research into neuroimmune interactions is essential for understanding and treating brain disorders.