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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Lateralization01:28

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Three Developmental Domains01:29

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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Predictive brain signals of linguistic development.

Valesca Kooijman1, Caroline Junge, Elizabeth K Johnson

  • 1Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Early language development is indicated by brain responses to word detection. Infants showing specific brain patterns at 7 months had better language skills by age three.

Keywords:
ERPsbrain developmentbrain polarityinfant speech perceptionlanguage skill developmentspeech segmentationvocabulary size

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Language acquisition
  • Cognitive science

Background:

  • Speech segmentation is crucial for vocabulary development, emerging in infancy.
  • Electrophysiological studies (ERP) in older infants show left-localized negativity at word onset as a marker of word detection.
  • Previous research indicates a specific brain response pattern in infants aged 9-12 months related to word detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate speech segmentation abilities in younger infants (7-month-olds).
  • To examine the relationship between early brain responses to speech and later language skills.
  • To identify potential developmental changes in the neural markers of word detection.

Main Methods:

  • An electrophysiological (ERP) study was conducted with Dutch-learning 7-month-old infants.
  • Infants' brain responses to continuous speech were recorded.
  • Participants were retested at age three for vocabulary comprehension and word/sentence production.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of speech segmentation was found in 7-month-olds, with an overall positive polarity brain response.
  • Two subgroups emerged: a majority with positive-going responses and a minority with left-localized negativity.
  • Infants who showed the left negativity at 7 months outperformed peers with positive-going responses on all language tests at age three.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of words in speech, indicated by specific left-localized brain responses, predicts better later language skills.
  • The neural markers for speech segmentation may undergo developmental changes within the first year of life.
  • The findings highlight the importance of early auditory processing for language development.