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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting01:29

Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting

Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Repeat testing among Medicare beneficiaries.

H Gilbert Welch1, Kevin J Hayes, Carol Frost

  • 1Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA. H.Gilbert.Welch@dartmouth.edu

Archives of Internal Medicine
|February 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repeat medical testing is common among Medicare beneficiaries, with over half of echocardiograms repeated within three years. Areas with higher testing rates also show higher repeat testing rates.

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Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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Published on: January 8, 2020

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Published on: April 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Medical Economics
  • Healthcare Utilization

Background:

  • Repeat medical examinations significantly impact healthcare capacity and costs.
  • Limited research exists on the actual patterns of repeat testing in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the patterns of repeat diagnostic testing among Medicare beneficiaries.
  • To examine the correlation between population testing rates and repeat testing rates across different geographic areas.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study analyzed a 5% random sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries over three years (2004-2006).
  • Data from 743,478 patients were used, with metropolitan statistical areas serving as the unit of analysis.
  • The study examined the relationship between the proportion of the population tested and the proportion of tests repeated.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-five percent of echocardiograms were repeated within three years; other common tests like imaging stress tests (44%) and pulmonary function tests (49%) also showed high repeat rates.
  • Significant variation in testing and repeat testing proportions was observed across 50 metropolitan statistical areas.
  • A positive correlation was found between the proportion of the population tested and the proportion of tests repeated for most examined procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Repeat testing is a prevalent practice among Medicare beneficiaries.
  • Higher population testing rates in a metropolitan area are associated with higher rates of repeat testing for individuals.