Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An early protective effect of IL-9 in murine systemic lupus erythematosus.

ImmunoHorizons·2026
Same author

Local oxygen tension dictates hematopoietic cell growth and potency.

Leukemia·2026
Same author

Macrophage-intrinsic and IL-9-dependent arginine metabolism promotes lung tumor growth.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Type I interferon signaling promotes early innate control of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Diverse IL-9-secreting T helper cells direct responses in the allergic lung.

Seminars in immunology·2026
Same author

Guidelines for T cell nomenclature.

Nature reviews. Immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Th9 cells: differentiation and disease.

Mark H Kaplan1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. mkaplan2@iupui.edu

Immunological Reviews
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T-helper 9 (Th9) cells secrete interleukin-9 (IL-9) and are crucial for immunity and disease. This review explores signals, transcription factors, and in vivo roles driving Th9 differentiation and function.

More Related Videos

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model
08:38

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model

Published on: March 3, 2023

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model
08:38

A Strategy for the Study of IL-9-Producing Lymphoid Cells in the Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Infection Model

Published on: March 3, 2023

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CD4(+) T-helper cells are key regulators of immune responses and inflammation.
  • T-helper cell differentiation is influenced by environmental cues, including cytokine signals.
  • The Th9 subset, characterized by potent interleukin-9 (IL-9) production, is a recent discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding Th9 cell differentiation.
  • To elucidate the signals and transcription factors governing IL-9 expression.
  • To explore the potential roles of Th9 cells in host immunity and immune-mediated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in Th9 cell biology.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in T-helper cell differentiation.
  • Examination of transcription factors regulating IL-9 gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific environmental signals that promote Th9 differentiation.
  • Characterization of key transcription factors controlling IL-9 production.
  • Discussion of the pleiotropic functions of IL-9 and its implications.

Conclusions:

  • Th9 cells, through IL-9 secretion, play significant roles in immunity and disease.
  • Further research into Th9 cell differentiation and function is warranted.
  • Understanding Th9 cells can offer insights into therapeutic strategies for immune disorders.