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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...
Extrasensory Perception01:23

Extrasensory Perception

Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

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Related Experiment Video

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MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
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Multisensory perception and action in 3-ball cascade juggling.

R Sánchez García1, S J Hayes, A M Williams

  • 1Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Altering ball weight significantly impacts juggling performance more than vision changes. Both factors cause jugglers to toss balls higher, increasing flight time for better control.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Published on: May 10, 2012

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09:49

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Published on: April 16, 2014

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05:43

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Motor control and human movement science
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Perceptual psychology

Background:

  • Juggling involves complex integration of sensory information and motor commands.
  • Understanding how visual and proprioceptive-haptic feedback influence skilled motor actions is crucial.
  • Intermediate skill levels offer a unique window into the adaptability of motor systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of visual field restriction and ball weight manipulation on 3-ball cascade juggling.
  • To determine the relative contributions of vision and proprioception-haptics in intermediate jugglers.
  • To analyze kinematic changes in juggling performance under altered sensory and physical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Intermediate-skilled participants performed 3-ball cascade juggling.
  • Vision was manipulated by restricting the lower visual field.
  • Ball weight was altered between equal and unequal distributions.

Main Results:

  • Both vision restriction and ball weight changes affected juggling performance.
  • Ball weight manipulation had a more significant impact on performance outcomes and kinematic measures.
  • A common adaptation was tossing balls to higher trajectories, increasing flight time.

Conclusions:

  • Proprioception-haptic feedback during hand-ball interaction and visual feedback during toss/catch are vital for intermediate jugglers.
  • Ball weight is a critical factor influencing the motor control strategies in juggling.
  • Skilled motor actions demonstrate adaptability to altered sensory inputs and physical parameters.