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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Participant Modeling
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Related Experiment Video

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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

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Published on: October 3, 2018

Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders.

Donna M Werling¹, Daniel H Geschwind

¹Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, Brain Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurology

|February 15, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects males more often than females, with genetic and hormonal factors potentially explaining this sex difference. Further research is needed to understand these biological mechanisms of risk and protection.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Endocrinology
Epidemiology

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibits a consistent male prevalence bias, yet the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear.
Understanding sex differences in ASD is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current epidemiological, genetic, and neuroendocrinological research on sex differences in ASD prevalence and liability.
To identify key issues for future research into the biological basis of sex-differential risk in ASD.

Main Methods:

Literature review of epidemiological studies on ASD sex ratios.
Analysis of genetic research investigating ASD risk variants in males and females.
Exploration of neuroendocrinological findings related to sex hormones and ASD.

Main Results:

Recent studies confirm a male bias in ASD prevalence, with potential contributions from sex differences in phenotypic presentation.
Females appear protected from genetic ASD risk variants, with sex chromosomal genes and testosterone potentially modulating autistic phenotypes.
Females with ASD may present with fewer restricted behaviors and externalizing problems compared to males.

Conclusions:

Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed less frequently in females than males.
Sex-differential genetic and hormonal factors likely contribute to the observed prevalence bias in ASD.
Further investigation into the mechanisms of these factors is essential for understanding sex-specific risk and protection in ASD.