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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

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Published on: February 23, 2020

Reversed timing-dependent associative plasticity in the human brain through interhemispheric interactions.

Virginia Conde1, Henning Vollmann, Marco Taubert

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Neurology and Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. conde@cbs.mpg.de

Journal of Neurophysiology
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Interhemispheric inhibition during paired-associative stimulation (PAS) reverses spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in the human motor cortex. This finding reveals how network interactions modulate learning and memory mechanisms.

Keywords:
interhemispheric inhibitionpaired-associative stimulationprimary motor cortexprimary somatosensory cortexspike timing-dependent plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Brain Plasticity
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is crucial for learning and memory.
  • Paired-associative stimulation (PAS) models STDP in humans, inducing plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Standard PAS protocols show time-dependent potentiation or depression based on input synchrony.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of interhemispheric inhibition on PAS-induced plasticity.
  • To determine if network interactions can alter STDP-like effects in the human sensorimotor network.
  • To explore the role of timing intervals in reversed associative plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized paired-associative stimulation (PAS) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Applied peripheral stimulation to the hand ipsilateral to the stimulated M1.
  • Manipulated interhemispheric inhibition within the sensorimotor network during PAS.
  • Varied the timing interval between afferent and cortical stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Interhemispheric inhibition during PAS resulted in long-term depression (LTD)-like effects, contrasting with standard STDP-like potentiation.
  • This reversed plasticity was dependent on the precise timing interval between peripheral and cortical stimulation.
  • Demonstrated that functional network interactions significantly influence the direction of associative plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • The outcome of associative stimulation in the human brain is modulated by system-level network interactions.
  • Interhemispheric inhibition can induce reversed STDP-like mechanisms, altering plasticity outcomes.
  • These findings highlight the dynamic nature of brain plasticity and its dependence on network state.