Biotechnology-related intellectual property law of iran

Mohammad Rasekh1

  • 1Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ; Bio Law and Ethics Department, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

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Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
Production of Biopesticides01:18

Production of Biopesticides

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Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

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Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...