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Related Concept Videos

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview01:26

Anxiolytic Drugs: Overview

Anxiolytic drugs are vital in managing anxiety disorders by effectively alleviating symptoms such as excessive fear, tachycardia, and tremors. There are several classes of anxiolytic medications, each with unique mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Primary Types of Anxiolytic Drugs
1. Benzodiazepines:
Benzodiazepines bind to the GABA-A receptor in the brain, enhancing GABA's interaction. This action reduces neurotransmission, effectively blocking anxiety-associated limbic circuitry.
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs,...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

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Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Anxiolytic Drugs: Benzodiazepines and Buspirone01:29

Anxiolytic Drugs: Benzodiazepines and Buspirone

Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiolytic drugs known for their rapid efficacy and high therapeutic-to-lethal dose ratio, but with a potential risk of drug dependence. These drugs are lipophilic, allowing for rapid absorption after oral administration, eventually reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, benzodiazepines bind to the allosteric site of the GABAA receptor. This binding enhances the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. By doing so, they prevent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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Octanoic acid in alcohol-responsive essential tremor: a randomized controlled study.

Dietrich Haubenberger1, Gayle McCrossin, Codrin Lungu

  • 1Human Motor Control Section, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. dietrich.haubenberger@meduniwien.ac.at

Neurology
|February 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Octanoic acid (OA) was safe for essential tremor (ET) but did not show immediate benefits. However, later assessments indicated OA reduced tremor, suggesting further research at higher doses may be beneficial for ET patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder.
  • Current treatments for ET have limitations, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single, low oral dose of octanoic acid (OA) in individuals with alcohol-responsive essential tremor (ET).

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, phase I/II clinical trial was conducted with 19 ET subjects.
  • The primary efficacy endpoint was accelerometric postural tremor power at 80 minutes post-administration.
  • Secondary outcomes included digital spiral analysis and safety assessments.

Main Results:

  • Octanoic acid (OA) was found to be safe and well-tolerated, with mild adverse events comparable to placebo.
  • No significant difference in tremor reduction was observed at the primary 80-minute outcome.
  • Secondary analyses revealed that OA improved tremor at later time points (180 and 300 minutes).

Conclusions:

  • While not effective at the primary endpoint, octanoic acid (OA) demonstrated potential in reducing essential tremor (ET) at later time points.
  • These findings suggest that higher doses of OA may warrant further investigation for ET treatment.