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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals

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Published on: May 23, 2017

Corticostriatal contributions to musical expectancy perception.

Carol A Seger¹, Brian J Spiering, Anastasia G Sares

¹Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. Carol.Seger@colostate.edu

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

|February 16, 2013

Summary

This study reveals how the brain processes musical harmony. Expectancy violations in music activate specific brain regions, including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and basal ganglia (BG), for higher-order processing.

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Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Music Perception

Background:

Harmonic music perception involves complex neural processing.
Understanding the brain's response to musical structure is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the functional neuroanatomy of harmonic music perception.
Identify brain regions sensitive to harmonic expectancy violations.

Main Methods:

fMRI scans were used to monitor brain activity in nonmusicians.
Participants listened to Western classical music with manipulated harmonic endings.
Analysis focused on brain responses to varying degrees of harmonic deviation.

Main Results:

Music perception broadly activated the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
Expectancy violations modulated activity in the basal ganglia (BG), IFG, and anterior STG.
Posterior STG was not significantly modulated by harmonic expectancy.

Conclusions:

The IFG, anterior STG, and BG are involved in higher-order harmonic processing.
Posterior STG is associated with basic pitch and melodic processing.
Brain regions involved in syntactic processing also contribute to harmonic expectancy.