Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Drift Velocity

Drift Velocity

The high speed of electrical signals results from the fact that the force between charges acts rapidly at a distance. Thus, when a free charge is forced into a wire, the incoming charge pushes other charges ahead due to the repulsive force between like charges. These moving charges move the charges farther down the line. The density of charge in a system cannot easily be increased, so the signal is passed on rapidly. The resulting electrical shock wave moves through the system at nearly the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Electron Cooling in a Magnetically Expanding Plasma.

Physical review letters·2016

Same author

Stochastic threshold for ion heating with beating electrostatic waves.

Physical review letters·2014

Same author

Ion heating with beating electrostatic waves.

Physical review letters·2011

Same author

A survey of propulsion options for cargo and piloted missions to Mars.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2004

Same author

Ion acceleration by beating electrostatic waves: domain of allowed acceleration.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2004

Same author

Instability of a current-carrying finite-beta collisional plasma.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Published on: January 28, 2021

Stochastic ion acceleration by beating electrostatic waves.

B Jorns¹, E Y Choueiri

¹Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory (EPPDyL), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|February 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals conditions for ion orbit stochasticity using two beating electrostatic waves. Stochasticity occurs at lower wave energy densities compared to single or non-beating waves.

More Related Videos

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Automated Delivery of Microfabricated Targets for Intense Laser Irradiation Experiments

Published on: January 28, 2021

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

Area of Science:

Plasma physics
Ion dynamics
Nonlinear phenomena

Background:

Understanding ion stochasticity is crucial for plasma behavior.
Magnetized ions interacting with electrostatic waves can exhibit complex dynamics.
Beating waves introduce unique frequency and amplitude modulations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the stochasticity of a single, magnetized ion's orbit.
To determine the velocity conditions for stochasticity under specific wave interactions.
To compare energy requirements for stochasticity onset with different wave configurations.

Main Methods:

Utilizing second-order Lie transform perturbation theory.
Employing numerical analysis of the maximum Lyapunov exponent.
Analyzing ion interaction with two beating electrostatic waves differing by the ion cyclotron frequency.

Main Results:

Established upper and lower bounds for ion velocity leading to stochastic orbits.
Identified the lower bound for stochasticity near the phase velocity of the slower wave.
Derived a linear threshold condition for stochasticity onset relative to wave amplitudes.

Conclusions:

Beating electrostatic waves facilitate stochasticity at lower total wave energy densities.
This finding is significant compared to scenarios with single or non-beating waves.
The study provides critical insights into controlling and predicting ion stochastic behavior in plasmas.