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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

[Development of human embryonic stem cell model for toxicity evaluation].

Guang-yan Yu1, Tong Cao, Hong-wei Ouyang

  • 1Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences
|February 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer a promising alternative for toxicity testing. These cells provide a more accurate in vitro model for evaluating cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and biosafety of biomedical materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Toxicology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Current toxicity screening relies on immortalized cell lines, often animal-derived.
  • These cell lines may not accurately reflect human in vivo responses to cytotoxic and genotoxic agents.
  • A need exists for more representative in vitro toxicity models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines as a novel model for in vitro toxicity evaluation.
  • To develop hESC-derived tissue/organ specific cell models for targeted toxicity assessments.
  • To confirm the efficiency and accuracy of hESCs in cytotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and genotoxicity testing.

Main Methods:

  • Establishment of two Chinese human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines.
  • Development of hESC-derived tissue/organ specific cell models.
  • Validation of hESC models for cytotoxicity, embryotoxicity, and genotoxicity assays.

Main Results:

  • hESC lines were successfully established and utilized as toxicity models.
  • hESC-derived models demonstrated efficiency and accuracy in various toxicity evaluations.
  • The study confirmed the utility of hESCs for in vitro biosafety assessments.

Conclusions:

  • Human embryonic stem cells represent a viable and accurate alternative to traditional cell lines for toxicity screening.
  • hESC-based models enhance the predictability of in vitro toxicity testing for biomedical devices and materials.
  • hESCs show significant potential for improving biosafety evaluations in preclinical research.