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Published on: May 17, 2019
Incorporating genomics into breast and prostate cancer screening: assessing the implications
Susmita Chowdhury1, Tom Dent, Nora Pashayan
1Department of Public Health Genomics, PHG Foundation, Cambridge, UK. susmita.chowdhury@phgfoundation.org
Summary
Personalized screening using polygenic risk scores can improve disease prevention efficiency. Experts highlight the need to address ethical concerns and ensure clear communication for effective implementation of genetic risk stratification.
Area of Science:
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine
- Public Health Screening Strategies
- Bioethics in Healthcare
Background:
- Polygenic profiling offers potential for individual risk prediction and disease prevention.
- Risk-stratified screening, incorporating polygenic risk scores, may surpass traditional age-stratified methods in efficiency.
- Personalized screening implications for breast and prostate cancer require expert evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the implications of personalized screening for breast and prostate cancers.
- To report expert opinions on the scientific, ethical, and logistical aspects of stratified screening.
- To identify key considerations for implementing risk-stratified screening programs.
Main Methods:
- Multidisciplinary international expert consensus gathering.
- Exploration of scientific, ethical, and logistical challenges of stratified screening.
- Review of benefits and harms compared to existing screening methods.
Main Results:
- Recognition of benefits and harms of personalized versus current screening is crucial.
- Genetic data use raises ethical issues: discrimination, patient autonomy, and genetic testing of minors.
- Transparency in risk communication, benefits, harms, and inclusion/exclusion criteria is necessary.
- Development of professional competencies and assessment of cost-effectiveness are vital before implementation.
Conclusions:
- Health professionals and stakeholders must consider genetic information integration for future healthcare planning.
- Stratified screening requires careful consideration of ethical, logistical, and communication aspects.
- Personalized screening holds promise but necessitates robust frameworks for responsible implementation.
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