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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Bending Moment Diagram01:30

Bending Moment Diagram

A bending moment diagram is a graphical representation of the bending moments experienced by a beam under load along the beam length. It is an essential tool for engineers and designers to analyze structures and ensure they can withstand applied forces. The steps to create the bending moment diagram for a beam are listed below.
Determine reactive forces and couple moments: Calculate all the reactive forces and couple moments acting on the beam. In certain cases, when the beam is inclined at an...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint Vincent in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Cognitive tools shape thought: diagrams in design.

Jeffrey V Nickerson1, James E Corter, Barbara Tversky

  • 1Center for Decision Technologies, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA. jnickerson@stevens.edu

Cognitive Processing
|February 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive tools, like the page, aid thinking by externalizing ideas. However, the page

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

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Orienteering as a Tool for Cognitive Research: An Implementation Guide

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Information Design

Background:

  • Thinking frequently involves cognitive tools.
  • The page is a primary tool in design for externalizing and organizing thoughts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the inherent properties of a page influence the cognitive process of design.
  • To understand the interplay between cognitive tools and thought expression.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of information system designs created by students.
  • Observation of how students utilized page properties like path, proximity, place, and permanence.

Main Results:

  • Page properties significantly affected design choices: paths guided component navigation, proximity grouped subsystems, and spatial positioning (horizontal/vertical) represented temporal and real-world relationships.
  • The permanence of designs on the page influenced the generation of alternative solutions, both enabling and limiting creativity.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive tools, exemplified by the page, are not neutral but actively shape thought processes.
  • The design of cognitive tools should consider their impact on cognition to optimize their effectiveness.