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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Immune response from a resource allocation perspective.

¹Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Madrid, Spain.

Frontiers in Genetics

|February 16, 2013

Summary

The immune system, a life history trait, involves trade-offs with other traits like growth and reproduction. Understanding immune resistance and tolerance is key for animal health and sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:

immune function life history theory resistance resource allocation robustness selection tolerance

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

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Overcoming Unresponsiveness in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Resistant Mouse Strains by Adoptive Transfer and Antigenic Challenge

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary Biology
Immunology
Animal Science

Background:

The immune system is a life history trait subject to evolutionary trade-offs.
Immune function involves resistance (fighting pathogens) and tolerance (limiting damage).
Both strategies incur physiological costs and resource reallocations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review trade-offs between immune function and other life history traits.
To explore the role of immune tolerance in livestock robustness and sustainable agriculture.
To identify research needs for optimizing disease resistance and tolerance selection.

Main Methods:

Literature review of immune system trade-offs.
Analysis of selection consequences for production and immune function.
Discussion of reaction norms for resistance versus tolerance.

Main Results:

Trade-offs exist between immune function, growth, reproduction, and stress response.
Selection for high production can negatively impact immune function.
Immune tolerance in livestock is linked to animal robustness.

Conclusions:

Immune tolerance is a potential component of animal robustness, crucial for sustainable agriculture.
Further research is needed to quantify immune strategy costs and benefits.
Optimizing selection for disease resistance and tolerance is vital for livestock production.