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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding01:26

Enteral Nutrition I: Orogastric and Nasogastric Feeding

Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Orogastric (OG) and nasogastric (NG) feeding are two standard methods used for enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is often preferred over...
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube through...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome
06:51

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

Published on: July 28, 2023

Feeding practices and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Manimaran Ramani1, Namasivayam Ambalavanan

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 176F Suite 9380, 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35249-7335, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|February 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in premature infants. Human milk and minimal enteral nutrition may reduce NEC incidence, while feeding practices and types of fortification require further research.

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome
06:51

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

Published on: July 28, 2023

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A Neonatal BALB/c Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: November 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Infant Nutrition

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants.
  • Human milk feeding is associated with a lower incidence of NEC compared to formula feeding.
  • Optimal feeding strategies for preterm infants remain an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on feeding practices and their impact on NEC incidence in preterm infants.
  • To evaluate the role of different nutritional interventions in preventing and managing NEC.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for feeding preterm infants at risk for NEC.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on NEC and infant feeding.
  • Analysis of studies comparing human milk versus formula.
  • Evaluation of research on feeding modalities (continuous vs. intermittent) and nutritional fortification (human milk-based vs. bovine-based).

Main Results:

  • Human milk significantly reduces NEC incidence compared to formula.
  • Current feeding practices do not appear to increase NEC risk.
  • No definitive evidence supports continuous over intermittent tube feedings.
  • Minimal enteral nutrition may be a viable alternative to complete feeding cessation in feed-intolerant infants without NEC.
  • Human milk-based fortifiers may offer a protective effect against NEC, warranting further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Human milk is the preferred nutrition source for preterm infants to reduce NEC risk.
  • Minimal enteral nutrition is a potential strategy for feed-intolerant preterm infants.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the benefits of human milk-based fortifiers and to establish optimal feeding protocols for preterm infants.