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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
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Epilepsy, autism, and neurodevelopment: kindling a shared vulnerability?

Krista L Gilby1, Terence J O'Brien

  • 1Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. kgilby@unimelb.edu.au

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|February 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share symptoms due to early central nervous system development issues. This review explores preclinical strategies using animal models to understand their shared biological basis and speed up clinical application.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant symptom overlap.
  • This overlap suggests a shared 'spectrum of vulnerability' rooted in early central nervous system developmental dysfunction.
  • Research is complicated by extensive comorbidity and evolving diagnostic criteria for both conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical strategies for investigating the biological underpinnings of epilepsy and ASD comorbidity.
  • To identify how animal models can elucidate shared etiopathological mechanisms.
  • To promote the translation of research findings into clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical research focusing on epilepsy and ASD.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing animal models to explore shared biological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of strategies for bridging preclinical insights to clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Identified commonalities in developmental pathways implicated in both epilepsy and ASD.
  • Highlighted the utility of specific animal models in dissecting shared neurobiological features.
  • Outlined potential therapeutic targets emerging from preclinical investigations.

Conclusions:

  • Preclinical research, particularly using animal models, is crucial for understanding the shared biological basis of epilepsy and ASD.
  • Translating these findings requires strategic approaches to overcome research challenges.
  • Further investigation promises to yield novel insights and therapeutic avenues for individuals with comorbid epilepsy and ASD.