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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
07:51

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Adaptive immune responses during pregnancy.

Ana Claudia Zenclussen1

  • 1Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. ana.zenclussen@med.ovgu.de

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
|February 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Maternal immune tolerance to the fetus involves complex mechanisms, including regulatory T cells and immune cell interactions. Understanding these processes is crucial for managing pregnancy and related conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Immunology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Historically, it was believed there was no immune interaction between mother and conceptus.
  • Emerging evidence shows the maternal immune system recognizes and tolerates the semiallogeneic fetus.
  • This has led to the identification of finely regulated mechanisms of active tolerance during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate mechanisms of maternal immune tolerance toward the fetus.
  • To discuss adaptive immune responses and immune cell involvement in pregnancy.
  • To highlight potential clinical applications of these immunological concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on placental immunology and fetal antigen recognition.
  • Analysis of regulatory T cell function and their role in modulating Th1/Th2 balance.
  • Discussion of antibody-producing B cell participation in pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Description of minor histocompatibility antigens present in the placenta.
  • Elucidation of adaptive immune responses to paternal fetal antigens.
  • Exploration of B cell involvement in both normal and pathological pregnancies.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy involves sophisticated maternal immune tolerance mechanisms.
  • Regulatory T cells and immune modulation are key to fetal acceptance.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers potential for clinical advancements in reproductive health.