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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

[Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans].

J de Blic1, A Deschildre, T Chinet

  • 1Service de pneumologie et allergologie pédiatriques, université Paris Descartes, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France. j.deblic@nck.aphp.fr

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|February 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare lung disease causing airway obstruction after infection. It is often underestimated and presents differently in children and adults, requiring specific diagnostic approaches.

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Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
10:01

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • It involves inflammatory and fibrotic lesions in the small airways following a pulmonary infection.
  • BO is likely underestimated, particularly when affecting small lung areas.

Purpose:

  • To describe the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).
  • To highlight the differences in presentation and outcomes between pediatric and adult patients.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches for BO.

Summary:

  • In children, adenovirus (serotypes 3, 7, 21) is a common cause, with variable clinical signs and functional outcomes dependent on injury extent.
  • Diagnosis relies on medical history, CT scans, and functional data; treatment is symptomatic, with severe cases leading to respiratory insufficiency.
  • In adults, BO often presents with organizing pneumonia, complicating diagnosis and management; corticosteroid efficacy is suggested but not well-established.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of a rare cause of COPD, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and better management strategies.
  • Highlights the need for further research into the pathogenesis and treatment of BO, especially in adults.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering BO in patients with persistent airway obstruction after pulmonary infections.