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Related Concept Videos

COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

Vesicle-mediated export from the ER: COPII coat function and regulation.

Jennifer G D'Arcangelo1, Kyle R Stahmer, Elizabeth A Miller

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|February 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Regulating vesicle formation requires understanding coat protein II (COPII) complex dynamics. This review details intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing COPII-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking.

Keywords:
CLSDCOPIICargo exportCargo receptorERER exit sitesERESERKEndoplasmic reticulumGAPGEFGPI-APGSTGTPase activating proteinMAPKPHPtdIns4PTANGO1TFG-1TRK-fused gene 1VSVGVesiclebstbypass-of-sec-thirteencTAGE5coat protein II complexcranio–lentinculo–sutural dysplasiacutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen 5endoplasmic reticulumextracellular signal-regulated kinaseglutathione S-transferaseglycosylphophatidylinositol-anchored proteinguanine nucleotide exchange factormitogen activated protein kinasephosphatidylinositol 4-phosphatepleckstrin homologytransport and Golgi organization 1vesicular stomatitis virus G protein

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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers
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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers

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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

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Expression, Purification, and Liposome Binding of Budding Yeast SNX-BAR Heterodimers

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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
13:16

Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

Published on: December 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vesicle trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein transport in eukaryotes.
  • The coat protein II (COPII) complex drives vesicle formation and cargo recruitment for ER-to-Golgi transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe the factors regulating COPII vesicle formation.
  • To elucidate the influences of these factors on ER-to-Golgi trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of COPII complex regulation.
  • Analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting COPII activity.

Main Results:

  • COPII vesicle trafficking is influenced by intrinsic coat properties (GTP cycle, structure) and extrinsic factors (cytosolic interactions, ER membrane composition).
  • Lumenal and membrane-bound cargoes, along with their receptors, significantly impact COPII-mediated trafficking.

Conclusions:

  • A complex interplay of factors ensures proper cargo movement in the initial secretory pathway step.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is key to comprehending cellular protein transport.