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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Published on: April 17, 2017

Electron hopping through proteins.

Jeffrey J Warren¹, Maraia E Ener, Antonín Vlček

¹Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

|February 20, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces hopping maps to visualize electron transfer in biological systems. These maps reveal how charge separation occurs in proteins, aiding the design of artificial photosynthesis.

Keywords:

DNA photolyase Electron transfer Hopping maps MauG Multistep tunneling Redox proteins azurin Ribonucleotide reductase

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Bioenergetics

Background:

Biological redox machines rely on efficient electron and hole transfer for energy storage and conversion.
Multi-step electron tunneling, known as hopping, is crucial for charge separation in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend semiclassical electron transfer theory to incorporate hopping reactions.
To utilize graphical representations called hopping maps to analyze electron flow in biological systems.

Main Methods:

Developed and applied hopping maps to calculate two-step reaction rate constants based on driving force.
Analyzed electron transfer in a rhenium-labeled azurin mutant, DNA photolyase, and MauG.
Investigated radical propagation in ribonucleotide reductases over a 35 Å distance.

Main Results:

Hopping maps successfully accounted for electron flow in the studied redox proteins.
Analysis of ribonucleotide reductases indicated the involvement of multiple tyrosine and tryptophan residues in radical propagation.
The method provides insights into the functional roles of specific amino acids in long-range electron transfer.

Conclusions:

Hopping maps are a valuable tool for understanding and visualizing multi-step electron transfer in biological redox machines.
This approach can guide the design of artificial photosynthetic systems for fuel and chemical production.
The findings highlight the importance of specific amino acid residues in facilitating efficient charge transport.