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Updated: May 14, 2026

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
Published on: February 14, 2019
Exhaled breath condensate: a comprehensive update.
Hasib Ahmadzai1, Shuying Huang, Ravin Hettiarachchi
1Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis guidelines from 2005 need updating due to identified shortcomings. This review provides a comprehensive update on EBC collection and biomarker measurement, addressing knowledge gaps for improved clinical application.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Biomarker Analysis
- Respiratory Research
Background:
- Interest in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis surged in the late 1990s.
- The American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) established guidelines in 2005 for EBC collection and biomarker measurement.
- The 2005 guidelines identified several shortcomings and knowledge deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive update to the 2005 ATS/ERS guidelines on EBC analysis.
- To review methodological shortcomings identified in EBC collection and biomarker measurement.
- To address knowledge gaps limiting the clinical application of EBC biomarkers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of articles published since the 2005 ATS/ERS Task Force report.
- Analysis of methodological shortcomings in EBC collection and biomarker measurement.
- Synthesis of current knowledge to update existing guidelines.
Main Results:
- The 2005 guidelines have limitations impacting the clinical utility of EBC.
- Further standardization is required to ensure the external validity of EBC studies.
- Methodological deficits in EBC analysis persist, necessitating updated recommendations.
Conclusions:
- Updated guidelines are crucial for the standardization and clinical application of exhaled breath condensate analysis.
- Addressing identified knowledge gaps will enhance the reliability and utility of EBC biomarkers.
- This review serves as a benchmark for future research in EBC analysis.
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