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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
09:58

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Published on: June 27, 2020

FOXA1 mutations in hormone-dependent cancers.

Jessica L L Robinson1, Kelly A Holmes, Jason S Carroll

  • 1Cancer Research UK, Robinson Way Cambridge, UK ; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.

Frontiers in Oncology
|February 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Forkhead protein FOXA1 interacts with oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR), crucial in breast and prostate cancers. FOXA1 mutations and genomic alterations contribute to cancer heterogeneity.

Keywords:
FoxA1SNPandrogen receptor (AR)breast cancerestrogen receptor alphaexome sequencingprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • FOXA1 is a key interacting partner for oestrogen receptor-α (ER) and androgen receptor (AR).
  • ER and AR are major drivers of breast and prostate cancers, respectively.
  • Understanding FOXA1's role in nuclear receptor regulation is crucial for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of FOXA1 in ER and AR regulation.
  • To investigate the impact of FOXA1 mutations and genomic alterations in breast and prostate cancers.
  • To understand how FOXA1 influences cancer heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on FOXA1 function and its interaction with nuclear receptors.
  • Analysis of mutation and amplification data for FOXA1 in cancer datasets.
  • Examination of evidence for somatic changes in FOXA1 binding regions.

Main Results:

  • FOXA1 exhibits both common and distinct regulatory roles for ER and AR.
  • FOXA1 is mutated in 1.8% of breast and 3-5% of prostate cancers.
  • Genomic amplification of FOXA1 and changes in its binding sites are observed in these cancers.

Conclusions:

  • FOXA1 plays a significant role in ER and AR-driven cancers.
  • Genetic alterations in FOXA1 contribute to the heterogeneity of breast and prostate cancers.
  • Further research into FOXA1's function can reveal new therapeutic strategies.