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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model
07:29

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Published on: September 27, 2024

Effects of model Maillard compounds on bone characteristics and functionality.

Irene Roncero-Ramos1, Cristina Delgado-Andrade, José Ángel Rufián-Henares

  • 1Instituto de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, E-18100, Granada, Spain.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
|February 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Consumption of a model Maillard reaction product (MRP) negatively impacted bone health in rats. This led to decreased bone matrix and density, increased crosslinking, and impaired mechanical properties, suggesting a higher risk for bone pathologies.

Keywords:
DEXAadvanced glycation end-productsbone functionalitymodel Maillard reaction productspentosidinephysical features

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Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions
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Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model
07:29

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Published on: September 27, 2024

Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions
04:32

Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Non-enzymatic crosslinks affect bone properties and are linked to pathologies like osteoporosis.
  • Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are implicated in these crosslinking processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of consuming a specific glucose-lysine derived MRP (GL90) on bone composition and biomechanical features.
  • To investigate the impact of GL90 on bone matrix, density, crosslinking, and mechanical integrity in a rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were fed a control diet or a diet containing 30 g/kg GL90 for 88 days.
  • Bone samples (femur, pelvis, tibia) were analyzed for composition, physical, and biomechanical properties.
  • Measurements included organic matrix content, bone density, pentosidine levels, and C-telopeptide degradation products (β-CTX).

Main Results:

  • GL90 consumption decreased the organic matrix of the femur and pelvic bone density.
  • Pentosidine content significantly increased in the bone of rats fed GL90 compared to controls.
  • Elevated β-CTX levels indicated increased bone resorption and/or turnover.

Conclusions:

  • GL90 intake detrimentally affected the bone's organic matrix and increased bone turnover.
  • High pentosidine content and increased resorption/turnover negatively impacted bone's mechanical properties, reducing its ability to withstand force and absorb energy.