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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

X-ray interference by nanocrystalline domains.

Luca Gelisio1, Paolo Scardi

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technology, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
|February 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regularly arranged nanocrystals cause interference effects altering powder diffraction patterns. Mutual positioning of nanocrystals is key, and synchrotron radiation may enable further study of these effects in fine nanocrystal systems.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanocrystalline materials exhibit unique properties due to their small grain size.
  • The arrangement and positioning of nanocrystals can influence their physical properties.
  • Powder diffraction is a standard technique for analyzing crystalline materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nanocrystal arrangement on powder diffraction patterns.
  • To differentiate the roles of nanocrystal alignment and mutual positioning in interference effects.
  • To assess the feasibility of observing these interference effects using different experimental setups.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of interference effects in regularly arranged nanocrystalline domains.
  • Comparison of the influence of local texture (alignment) versus mutual positioning.
  • Evaluation of experimental requirements for observing predicted interference phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Regular arrangement of nanocrystalline domains significantly alters powder diffraction patterns.
  • Mutual positioning of nanocrystals is more influential than their alignment in controlling interference effects.
  • Observed interference effects are unlikely with conventional laboratory instruments due to coherence limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocrystal mutual positioning is a critical factor in generating interference effects in diffraction patterns.
  • Advanced techniques, such as synchrotron radiation, are necessary to experimentally verify these interference effects in fine nanocrystal systems.
  • Further research using high-coherence synchrotron sources is recommended for detailed investigation.