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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Mouse Model of Vascularized Heterotopic Spleen Transplantation for Studying Spleen Cell Biology and Transplant Immunity

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Published on: June 11, 2019

Skin tolerance is supported by the spleen.

M Buettner¹, M Bornemann, U Bode

¹Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Buettner.Manuela@MH-Hannover.de

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

|February 21, 2013

Summary

Repeated antigen exposure induces immune tolerance, with lymph nodes producing suppressor cells. The spleen plays a role in peripheral tolerance, influencing delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and immune cell populations.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Repeated antigen administration induces immune tolerance.
Lymph nodes produce suppressor cells, mediating tolerogenic phenotypes.
Stromal cells from different lymph nodes induce distinct suppressor cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spleen's role in immune tolerance induction.
To compare tolerance mechanisms in control versus splenectomized mice.
To analyze the impact of spleen removal on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and immune cell composition.

Main Methods:

Induction of tolerance through oral or injected ovalbumin in control and splenectomized mice.
Measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response.
Analysis of spleen cell subset composition and antibody production.

Main Results:

The spleen in peripherally tolerized mice exhibited increased proliferation and specific antibody production compared to orally tolerized mice, which showed predominant regulatory T cells.
Spleen removal reduced DTH responses in antigen-fed mice.
Skin tolerance induction was impaired in splenectomized mice.

Conclusions:

Lymph nodes utilize distinct pathways for immune tolerance.
The spleen is integral to peripheral tolerance induction.
Spleen removal significantly impacts DTH responses and tolerance mechanisms.