Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Convergent increases in serotonin 1B receptor binding following ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy: a multi-centre bayesian re-analysis of PET data.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Valacyclovir Treatment in Mild Cognitive Impairment: The VALMCI Randomized Clinical Trial.

Alzheimer disease and associated disorders·2026
Same author

Elevated serotonin 1A receptor binding in borderline personality disorder co-morbid with major depressive episodes appears attributable to major depression alone.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Obesity-related differences in amygdala and hippocampal volume and metabolism before and after a placebo-controlled antidepressant trial in major depressive disorder.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

BIVARIATE HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN MODEL FOR COMBINING SUMMARY MEASURES AND THEIR UNCERTAINTIES FROM MULTIPLE SOURCES.

The annals of applied statistics·2026
Same author

External validation and time-stability analysis of STARE, a blood-free quantification tool for irreversible PET tracers.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Enhancing Efficiency and Radiolabeling Yields of Carbon-11 Radioligands for Clinical Research Using the Loop Method
09:08

Enhancing Efficiency and Radiolabeling Yields of Carbon-11 Radioligands for Clinical Research Using the Loop Method

Published on: December 20, 2024

Reference region approaches in PET: a comparative study on multiple radioligands.

Francesca Zanderigo1, R Todd Ogden, Ramin V Parsey

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, New York, New York 11794-8101, USA. francesca.zanderigo@gmail.com

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|February 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Reference region approaches (RRAs) for positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging offer quantification without invasive arterial input function (IF) sampling. Their accuracy for estimating nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) depends on reference region kinetics.

More Related Videos

A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat
15:10

A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat

Published on: December 28, 2013

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-Labelled Nano Molecules
09:55

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-Labelled Nano Molecules

Published on: October 4, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Enhancing Efficiency and Radiolabeling Yields of Carbon-11 Radioligands for Clinical Research Using the Loop Method
09:08

Enhancing Efficiency and Radiolabeling Yields of Carbon-11 Radioligands for Clinical Research Using the Loop Method

Published on: December 20, 2024

A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat
15:10

A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat

Published on: December 28, 2013

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-Labelled Nano Molecules
09:55

Radiosynthesis, Quality Control, and Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of 68Ga-Labelled Nano Molecules

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiochemistry
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) brain studies often require arterial input function (IF) sampling for accurate quantification.
  • Reference region approaches (RRAs) provide an alternative to IF sampling, estimating nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND).
  • The reliability of RRAs can vary significantly between different radioligands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare BPND estimates derived from IF data with those from common RRAs across multiple radioligands.
  • To introduce and evaluate novel methods for RRA analysis, including likelihood estimation and bootstrapping for precision estimation.
  • To identify key characteristics of reference regions that influence the performance of RRAs.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of PET brain imaging data using arterial input function (IF) data as a gold standard.
  • Application and comparison of several established reference region approaches (RRAs).
  • Development and implementation of a new likelihood estimation method for graphical analysis with reference regions and a bootstrapping algorithm for precision estimation.

Main Results:

  • RRAs showed variable performance depending on the radioligand and reference region characteristics.
  • Key factors influencing RRA performance include high reference region distribution volume, high transfer rate from plasma to free compartment in the RR, and low transfer rate from free to plasma compartment in the RR.
  • The newly developed methods for likelihood estimation and bootstrapping demonstrated utility in RRA analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The kinetics within the reference region play a crucial role in the accuracy of reference region approaches (RRAs) for PET brain studies.
  • RRAs can be reliable for estimating nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) when specific reference region kinetic properties are met.
  • The findings provide guidance for selecting appropriate reference regions and improving the quantitative reliability of RRAs in PET neuroimaging.