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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...

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A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

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Insomnia.

Daniel J Buysse1

  • 1Neuroscience Clinical and Translational Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. buyssedj@upmc.edu

JAMA
|February 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insomnia is common and impacts health. Behavioral therapies are preferred, with medications used cautiously for short durations due to potential side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Insomnia is a prevalent health concern affecting 10-20% of adults, often with a chronic course.
  • It poses risks for impaired function, comorbid disorders, and increased healthcare costs.
  • Understanding its multifactorial etiology involving genetic, environmental, and physiological factors is crucial.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis relies on comprehensive sleep behavior history, medical/psychiatric assessment, and sleep diaries.
  • Quantitative reviews confirm the efficacy of behavioral, cognitive, and pharmacologic treatments.
  • Brief behavioral interventions and internet-based CBT show promise for primary care.

Findings:

  • Behavioral treatments are recommended as first-line interventions for insomnia.
  • Pharmacologic interventions, particularly benzodiazepine receptor agonists, are effective but require careful monitoring for safety and efficacy.
  • Medications should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must recognize and address insomnia due to its significant impact on patient function and health.
  • A detailed clinical history is often sufficient for diagnosis and identifying contributing factors.
  • Prioritizing behavioral interventions and judicious use of pharmacotherapy is key for effective insomnia management.