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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Diffusion changes predict cognitive and functional outcome: the LADIS study.

Hanna Jokinen1, Reinhold Schmidt, Stefan Ropele

  • 1Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland. hanna.jokinen@helsinki.fi

Annals of Neurology
|February 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) detects microstructural changes in normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT) that predict cognitive decline and disability in older adults, independent of other MRI findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Brain aging is associated with cognitive decline and disability.
  • Conventional MRI markers like white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are known predictors.
  • The role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if DWI abnormalities in NABT and WMH predict longitudinal cognitive decline and disability in older individuals.
  • To assess if these DWI-derived predictors are independent of other MRI findings.

Main Methods:

  • 340 participants (aged 65-84) from the LADIS study underwent baseline brain MRI including DWI.
  • Annual neuropsychological and functional assessments were conducted over 3 years.
  • Statistical models (linear mixed models, Cox regression) adjusted for demographics and conventional MRI markers were used.

Main Results:

  • DWI measures in NABT (mean ADC, peak height/position) predicted faster decline in psychomotor speed and executive functions.
  • These NABT DWI changes also correlated with memory decline (working memory), increased disability, and higher mortality.
  • DWI measures in WMH showed less significant effects on cognitive and functional outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Microstructural changes in NABT, detected by DWI, are significant independent predictors of cognitive decline (psychomotor speed, executive functions, working memory) in older adults.
  • These DWI findings also predict functional disability and increased mortality, irrespective of conventional MRI markers.