Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Vibrational spectra, HOMO, LUMO, NBO, MEP analysis and molecular docking study of 2,2-diphenyl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanamide.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2015

Same author

Crystal structure of 3-benzoyl-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-benzo[b]thio-phene.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2015

Same author

Crystal structures of 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium chloride and 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium nitrate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014

Same author

Crystal structure of 1-(3-chloro-phen-yl)piperazin-1-ium picrate-picric acid (2/1).

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014

Same author

Crystal structure of 3-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium-1-yl]butano-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014

Same author

Two tautomers in the same crystal: 3-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1H-pyrazole and 5-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1H-pyrazole.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

Olanzapinium dipicrate.

C N Kavitha¹, Jerry P Jasinski, Amanda C Keeley

¹Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|February 21, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a diprotonated olanzapinium cation with picrate anions. It reveals specific conformations and hydrogen bonding interactions within the crystal lattice.

More Related Videos

Establishing Cell Lines Overexpressing DR3 to Assess the Apoptotic Response to Anti-mitotic Therapeutics

Establishing Cell Lines Overexpressing DR3 to Assess the Apoptotic Response to Anti-mitotic Therapeutics

Published on: January 11, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

Establishing Cell Lines Overexpressing DR3 to Assess the Apoptotic Response to Anti-mitotic Therapeutics

Establishing Cell Lines Overexpressing DR3 to Assess the Apoptotic Response to Anti-mitotic Therapeutics

Published on: January 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Structural Chemistry

Background:

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Picrate is a salt of picric acid, known for its explosive properties and use in chemical analysis.
Understanding the structural characteristics of drug salts is crucial for pharmaceutical development and formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title salt, 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-piperazin-4-ium-1-yl)-10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepinium bis-(2,4,6-trinitro-phenolate).
To analyze the conformations of the olanzapinium cation and picrate anions.
To investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal network.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided conformational insights.
Identification of hydrogen bonding and other weak interactions was performed.

Main Results:

The asymmetric unit contains a diprotonated olanzapinium cation and two picrate anions.
The olanzapinium cation exhibits a distorted chair conformation in the piperazine ring and a boat configuration in the diazepine ring.
A dihedral angle of 58.8° was observed between the benzene and thiophene rings.
One picrate anion shows disorder in a nitro group, and its benzene ring adopts an envelope conformation.
The crystal structure is stabilized by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯S/C-H⋯O interactions, forming a 3D network.

Conclusions:

The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the olanzapine-picrate salt.
The observed conformations and intermolecular interactions offer insights into the solid-state behavior of the compound.
This structural data can be valuable for understanding the physicochemical properties and potential formulation strategies for olanzapine salts.