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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
12:18

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia differ depending on the control group

M Pogorzelska-Maziarz1, E Y Furuya, E L Larson

  • 1Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.

Epidemiology and Infection
|February 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Identifying risk factors for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia is crucial. This study found different risk factors for MRSA compared to MSSA and non-infected controls, highlighting the importance of control group selection.

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat
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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
12:18

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Published on: February 9, 2011

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat
07:46

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat

Published on: June 4, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the specific risk factors associated with MRSA bacteraemia is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify independent risk factors for MRSA bacteraemia.
  • To compare risk factors for MRSA bacteraemia against both methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia and non-infected controls.
  • To evaluate the impact of control group selection on the identification of risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study design was employed.
  • 204 MRSA bacteraemia cases were compared with 301 MSSA bacteraemia controls and matched 1:2 with non-infected controls.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors, controlling for other variables.

Main Results:

  • Independent risk factors for MRSA vs. MSSA bacteraemia included older age, major organ transplant during hospitalization, and prior quinolone use.
  • MRSA cases were more likely than non-infected controls to have renal failure, cirrhosis, and a central venous catheter after adjustment.
  • Risk factor profiles varied significantly depending on whether MSSA or non-infected controls were used.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of control group critically influences the identification of risk factors for MRSA bacteraemia.
  • Appropriate selection and adjustment for the severity of illness in control groups are vital for accurate epidemiological studies of hospital-acquired infections.
  • Findings underscore the need for tailored infection control measures based on specific patient populations and risk profiles.