Implementation science in the real world: a case study of HIV rapid testing

Area of Science:

• Implementation Science
• Healthcare Systems Improvement
• Program Management

Background:

• Existing implementation science theories lack pragmatic guidance for practical execution.
• Successful self-sustaining implementation efforts require streamlined, theory-based models.
• The Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System has experience in executing complex implementation projects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a streamlined, six-step theory-based implementation science model named ADAPTS.
• To provide pragmatic guidance for executing implementation activities.
• To demonstrate the model's utility through a case study.

Main Methods:

• Development of the ADAPTS model (Assessment, Deliverables, Activate, Pretraining, Training, Sustainability).
• Derivation of the model from successful self-sustaining implementation efforts.
• Application of the ADAPTS model to a complex multisite HIV rapid testing project.

Main Results:

• The ADAPTS model offers a comprehensive yet streamlined approach to implementation.
• The model facilitated the execution of a complex multisite HIV rapid testing project.
• The case study demonstrates the model's effectiveness in real-world settings.

Conclusions:

• The ADAPTS model provides practical and effective guidance for implementation science.
• Streamlined, theory-based models are crucial for successful system improvements.
• The ADAPTS model can be applied to diverse healthcare implementation challenges.