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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
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Cross-hemispheric functional connectivity in the human fetal brain.

Moriah E Thomason1, Maya T Dassanayake, Stephen Shen

  • 1Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|February 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that functional connectivity (FC) in the developing fetal brain emerges early, with increasing connectivity strength and regional variations observed between 24 and 38 weeks of gestation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Psychiatric and developmental disorders are linked to disruptions in brain functional connectivity (FC).
  • Fetal development is implicated in the origin of these disorders, but the timeline of neural FC emergence is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental timetable for neural functional connectivity (FC) during human fetal life.
  • To characterize the emergence and patterns of brain FC in fetuses during the second and third trimesters.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was utilized.
  • Data were collected from 25 healthy human fetuses between 24 and 38 weeks of gestation.

Main Results:

  • Bilateral fetal brain FC was present, with significant connectivity found in half of the 42 tested areas.
  • FC strength between homologous cortical regions increased with gestational age.
  • Medial to lateral gradients in fetal functional brain connectivity were observed.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first description of the developmental timeline for neural FC in the human fetus.
  • Findings enhance understanding of fetal central nervous system development and offer a basis for studying fetal insults in relation to later neural FC disorders.