[Cryptococcosis in renal transplant recipients]

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Nephrology
• Mycology

Background:

• Renal transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy are susceptible to opportunistic infections.
• Meningoencephalitis is a severe central nervous system infection that can occur in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

• A 64-year-old poultry farm worker, a renal transplant recipient, presented with meningoencephalitis six months post-immunosuppression.
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis using latex particles for Cryptococcus spp. antigen detection enabled rapid diagnosis.

Findings:

• Agar-Sabouraud-chloramphenicol culture confirmed Cryptococcus spp. infection.
• Biochemical identification was performed using the API 20C AUX system.
• Initial treatment with Amphotericin B followed by fluconazole was administered until negative microbiological results.

Implications:

• Prompt diagnosis of Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in transplant recipients is crucial for effective management.
• Antifungal therapy, including Amphotericin B and fluconazole, can be effective, but relapse is possible.
• Long-term follow-up is essential for monitoring recovery and managing potential complications in transplant patients.