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Long-term cognitive sequelae: abused children without PTSD.

Robert B Perna1, Mark Kiefner

  • 1Behavioral Medicine Department, Walton Rehabilitation Hospital, Augusta, GA 30901, USA. Dr.Perna@juno.com

Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Childhood abuse and neglect are linked to later behavioral disorders and cognitive deficits in children. These findings suggest potential impairments in executive functioning and working memory following early trauma.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Childhood abuse and neglect are widely researched for their long-term effects.
  • Previous studies indicate associations with psychiatric diagnoses, academic issues, cognitive deficits, and brain changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between childhood abuse/neglect and neuropsychological outcomes in children.
  • To examine executive functioning and working memory in children with and without a history of abuse/neglect.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological evaluations were conducted on 41 children.
  • Children were divided into two groups: 18 with documented abuse/neglect history and 23 without.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) to assess cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Children with a history of abuse/neglect showed significantly lower executive functioning and working memory scores, even after controlling for FSIQ.
  • Effect sizes for these cognitive measures were large.
  • Abused children were more likely to receive subsequent behavioral or emotional disorder diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood abuse and neglect are associated with later behavioral/emotional disorders and cognitive weaknesses.
  • Findings support psychobiological theories linking early trauma to neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to explore dose-effect relationships and critical periods of brain vulnerability.