Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

203
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
203
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

371
Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
371
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

393
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
393
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.3K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.3K
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

10.3K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Effects of Circadian Period Misalignment on Odontogenesis.

Stem cells and development·2026
Same author

Mismatch repair dissection by in vivo RNAi reveals dose-dependent modulators of somatic instability and proteome remodeling in Huntington's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Precision RNAi for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: a combinatorial, unimolecular, allele selective approach.

Research square·2026
Same author

Oil spills in inland freshwaters: A review of recent incidents, mitigation practices, and ecological impacts in the United States.

The Science of the total environment·2026
Same author

Fully Modified SpyCas9 Guide RNAs Enable Robust Genome Editing In Cells and In Vivo.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Concordance between automated/semi-automated measurement and manual assessment of mammographic breast density in individuals undergoing breast cancer screening: A systematic review.

Journal of medical screening·2026

Related Experiment Videos

Perinatal cyanosis: long-term cognitive sequelae and behavioral consequences.

Robert Perna1, David Cooper

  • 1Behavioral Medicine Department, Walton Rehabilitation Hospital, Augusta, GA 30901, USA. Dr.Perna@juno.com

Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A brief perinatal cyanotic episode may increase the risk of developmental disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Further research is needed to understand these long-term effects.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Serious perinatal asphyxia can cause long-term neurological issues in newborns.
  • The effects of brief or transient hypoxia and cyanosis are not well-researched.
  • Encephalopathy and brain insult can follow asphyxia and hypoxia in severe cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children with and without a history of brief perinatal cyanotic episodes.
  • To investigate if a brief perinatal cyanotic episode is associated with measurable neuropsychological deficits or increased clinical diagnoses.
  • To determine if cyanosis is a risk factor for developmental and behavioral issues in childhood.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 52 school-aged children (mean age 10.5 years) was studied.
  • Children were divided into two groups: those with a brief perinatal cyanotic episode (n=14) and those without (n=38).
  • Neuropsychological testing was administered to assess cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Neuropsychological testing did not reveal negative effects from brief cyanotic episodes.
  • The cyanotic group showed a significantly higher likelihood of developmental disorders, such as speech or motor delays.
  • Children with a history of cyanosis were more frequently diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Conclusions:

  • Brief perinatal cyanotic episodes may be a risk factor for developmental disorders.
  • A history of cyanosis is associated with a higher incidence of ADHD in school-aged children.
  • Further investigation into cyanosis as a risk factor for childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes is warranted.