Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Scientific Nature of Social Psychology01:30

Scientific Nature of Social Psychology

Social psychology is a scientific discipline dedicated to understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. Unlike common sense, which relies on anecdotal experiences and intuition, social psychology employs systematic research and empirical methods to ensure objectivity and reliability. This distinction is fundamental in distinguishing scientifically supported findings from mere speculation.Four fundamental scientific values guide a structured approach to research in...
Group Design02:01

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...
Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
Impact of Groups on Groups01:19

Impact of Groups on Groups

Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
Psychology as a Science01:13

Psychology as a Science

Psychology, as a scientific discipline, aims to understand the mind and behavior through rigorous and systematic methods. The foundation of psychological research is evidence-based, relying heavily on the scientific method to derive and validate knowledge. This structured approach ensures that findings are reliable, valid, and applicable to broader contexts.
The scientific method in psychology involves six critical steps: making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting tests, analyzing...
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same author

Ultra-endurance race performance and muscle mass as predictors of cognitive capacity.

Frontiers in cognition·2026
Same author

Comparing embedded virtual reality combat to traditional warm-ups on fencing performance and fatigue: Protocol for a randomized crossover trial.

JSAMS plus·2026
Same author

Brain resting state functional connectivity changes with aerobic exercise, and mindfulness: A narrative review.

Sports medicine and health science·2026
Same author

Influence of a passive shoulder exoskeleton on drilling performance in women- a cross-sectional study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Cyberlegs X-Leg at CYBATHLON 2024: insights on the control development of an active transfemoral prosthesis.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Guidelines to classify subject groups in sport-science research.

Kevin De Pauw1, Bart Roelands, Stephen S Cheung

  • 1Dept of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review proposes a standardized system for classifying cyclists based on pre-experimental testing. It introduces performance levels (1-5) using relative maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and peak power output (PPO) to ensure consistent research subject grouping.

More Related Videos

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
11:15

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Published on: March 20, 2012

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
11:15

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Published on: March 20, 2012

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Sport Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cycling Research

Background:

  • Current sport-science research lacks standardized protocols for classifying subject groups in cycling.
  • Varied terminology and performance indicators complicate the interpretation of research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review pre-experimental maximal cycle-test protocols, terminology, and performance indicators.
  • To develop a unified classification system for subject groups in cycling research.

Main Methods:

  • A database of 130 subject-group descriptions was analyzed.
  • Statistical analyses included Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 1-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni tests.
  • Key parameters examined were height, body mass, relative and absolute maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and peak power output (PPO).

Main Results:

  • Commonly used protocols include an initial workload of 100 W with 25 W increments and 3-minute stages.
  • A 5-level performance classification system (untrained to professional) was introduced.
  • Relative VO2max is the primary parameter for classification, with absolute PPO as a significant secondary parameter.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization of subject group classification procedures in cycling research is essential.
  • Recommendations are provided for pre-experimental testing, terminology, and performance indicators.