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Changes in speed skating velocity in relation to push-off effectiveness.

Dionne A Noordhof1, Carl Foster, Marco J M Hoozemans

  • 1MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, the Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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In speed skating, decreased effectiveness (push-off angle) significantly correlates with reduced velocity during a race. Changes in knee and trunk angles did not significantly impact speed, suggesting fatigue affects power production.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics of sports
  • Human movement analysis
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Speed skating technique involves push-off effectiveness (e), preextension knee angle (θ(0)), and trunk angle (θ(1)).
  • These technical variables, along with power output and environmental factors, influence skating velocity (v).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze technical variables (e, θ(0), θ(1)) and their association with velocity changes (Δv) during a 5000-m speed skating race.
  • To identify key technical factors influencing efficient skating performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized frontal and sagittal view cameras to measure push-off effectiveness (e), preextension knee angle (θ(0)), and trunk angle (θ(1)).
  • Measured skating velocity (v) using radio-frequency identification tags.
  • Analyzed changes (Δ) in technical variables and their correlation with changes in velocity.

Main Results:

  • Push-off effectiveness (e) progressively increased while velocity (v) decreased during the race.
  • Changes in push-off effectiveness (Δe) were significantly associated with changes in velocity (Δv) in the midrace section (β = -0.10, P < .001).
  • Preextension knee angle (Δθ(0)) and trunk angle (Δθ(1)) changes were not significantly associated with velocity changes (Δv).

Conclusions:

  • Decreased skating velocity during a race is not primarily due to increased air friction from changes in knee or trunk angles.
  • The reduction in velocity can be partly attributed to a decrease in push-off effectiveness, indicating reduced power production linked to fatigue.