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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
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Published on: October 31, 2010

Growth faltering in low-income countries.

Andrew M Prentice1, Sophie E Moore, Anthony J Fulford

  • 1MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Andrew.prentice@lshtm.ac.uk

World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Child malnutrition, including stunting and poor weight gain, is widespread in low-income countries. This growth faltering, often hidden by short stature, requires better understanding for effective nutrition interventions.

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Published on: October 31, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Human Nutrition
  • Pediatric Growth

Background:

  • Child growth faltering, characterized by stunting and underweight, is prevalent in low and low-middle income countries from 3 months to 5 years.
  • Apparent normal proportions in children can mask underlying malnutrition due to short stature offsetting underweight.
  • Macro-environmental factors like poverty, food insecurity, and poor hygiene contribute significantly to growth faltering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze anthropometric data from rural Gambia over six decades to illustrate key features of growth faltering.
  • To highlight critical research gaps in understanding the etiology of child growth failure.
  • To inform the development of effective interim nutrition interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of growth data from over 50 low and low-middle income countries.
  • Longitudinal anthropometric data analysis from subsistence-farming communities in rural Gambia (6 decades).

Main Results:

  • Consistent stunting and poor weight gain observed from 3 months to at least 5 years of age.
  • Growth faltering is linked to poverty, food insecurity, low dietary diversity, infectious environments, and poor hygiene.
  • Existing interventions, apart from severe malnutrition rehabilitation, show limited success.

Conclusions:

  • Growth faltering is a complex issue with deep-rooted environmental and socioeconomic causes.
  • Further research is needed on pre-natal influences, immune system development, infections, nutrient interactions, and the microbiome's role.
  • Addressing child malnutrition requires a multi-faceted approach beyond current intervention strategies.