Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ferrostatin-1 and hinokitiol supplementation enhance human hematopoietic stem cell expansion in a chemically defined medium.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

Interventional Physiatry in the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Upper Limb Following Herpes Zoster.

Cureus·2024
Same author

Ectopic expression of RAD52 and dn53BP1 improves homology-directed repair during CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.

Nature biomedical engineering·2019
Same author

Lineage Tracing Reveals a Subset of Reserve Muscle Stem Cells Capable of Clonal Expansion under Stress.

Cell stem cell·2019
Same author

Hematopoietic chimerism and donor-specific skin allograft tolerance after non-genotoxic CD117 antibody-drug-conjugate conditioning in MHC-mismatched allotransplantation.

Nature communications·2019
Same author

Selective hematopoietic stem cell ablation using CD117-antibody-drug-conjugates enables safe and effective transplantation with immunity preservation.

Nature communications·2019
Same journal

iMUT-seq mapping of DSB-induced mutations with high sensitivity at single-nucleotide resolution.

Nature protocols·2026
Same journal

An assay to quantify sexual commitment and stage conversion in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Nature protocols·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Direct inoculation of bioreactor-controlled stirred suspension culture with cryopreserved human pluripotent stem cells.

Nature protocols·2026
Same journal

High-throughput measurements of protein domain functions using magnetic separation.

Nature protocols·2026
Same journal

Inducing physiological polarity and performing gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 in human trophoblast organoids.

Nature protocols·2026
Same journal

Photocatalytic low-temperature defluorination of PTFE.

Nature protocols·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Reprogramming human fibroblasts to pluripotency using modified mRNA.

Pankaj K Mandal1, Derrick J Rossi

  • 1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Protocols
|February 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a protocol for generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts using modified messenger RNA (mRNA). This transgene-free method offers a promising avenue for patient-specific cell therapies in regenerative medicine.

More Related Videos

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4
13:02

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Published on: April 7, 2008

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
13:58

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 29, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4
13:02

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Published on: April 7, 2008

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells
13:58

Derivation of Adult Human Fibroblasts and their Direct Conversion into Expandable Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: July 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are crucial for regenerative medicine, enabling the generation of diverse cell types for therapies.
  • Transgene-free reprogramming methods are essential for the clinical translation of iPS cell technology.
  • Synthetic modified messenger RNAs (mRNAs) offer an efficient platform for transgene-free pluripotency reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a stepwise protocol for generating iPS cells from human fibroblasts using modified mRNAs.
  • To highlight critical parameters for successful reprogramming, including medium selection, quality control, and optimization.
  • To showcase the potential of modified mRNA technology for broader applications in cell biology and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming of primary human fibroblasts using synthetic modified mRNAs encoding reprogramming factors.
  • Stepwise protocol focusing on critical parameters: medium choice, quality control, and optimization.
  • Introduction of modified mRNAs into cells over a 2-3 week period to achieve pluripotency.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human fibroblasts via modified mRNA delivery.
  • Identification of key optimization steps and parameters for efficient reprogramming.
  • Demonstration of a robust and reproducible protocol for transgene-free iPS cell generation.

Conclusions:

  • Modified mRNA technology provides an efficient and transgene-free method for generating iPS cells from human fibroblasts.
  • The described protocol facilitates the clinical translation of iPS cell-based therapies.
  • Modified mRNA platform has broad potential for applications beyond reprogramming, including directed differentiation and therapeutic protein expression.