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The science behind animal-assisted therapy.

Dawn A Marcus¹

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. marcusd@upmc.edu

Current Pain and Headache Reports

|February 23, 2013

Summary

Animal-assisted therapy, using trained dogs, shows promise in pain relief. Studies suggest physiological changes, like reduced stress hormones and increased endorphins, contribute to these benefits.

Area of Science:

Complementary Medicine
Human-Animal Interaction
Psychoneuroimmunology

Background:

Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a complementary intervention.
Therapy dogs are trained for obedience, calmness, and comfort.
Previous studies indicate AAT can significantly relieve pain.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore theories behind the therapeutic benefits of therapy dog visits.
To review potential mechanisms of action in AAT.

Main Methods:

This is a review of existing literature.
The review synthesizes findings from various studies on AAT.
It examines physiological and psychological explanations for AAT's effects.

Main Results:

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Studies report reduced pain and pain-related symptoms in AAT participants.
Physiological evidence includes decreased catecholamines and increased endorphins.
Potential mechanisms involve mirror neuron activity and dogs' olfactory abilities.

Conclusions:

Therapy dog visits offer significant pain relief.
The benefits are supported by measurable physiological changes.
Further research into the mechanisms of AAT is warranted.