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Thrombogenicity of hydrophilically coated guide wires and catheters
K R Leach1, Y Kurisu, J E Carlson
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis 55455.
Insights
Hydrophilic-coated guide wires significantly reduce clot formation compared to stainless steel. Heparinization dramatically decreases thrombogenicity for both coated and uncoated catheters in arteries and veins.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Medical Device Engineering
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Thrombogenicity of medical devices is a critical concern in cardiovascular procedures.
- Guide wires and catheters are essential tools but can induce clot formation.
- Reducing device-related thrombosis improves patient safety and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the thrombogenicity of stainless steel guide wires versus hydrophilically coated guide wires.
- To evaluate the thrombogenicity of hydrophilically coated catheters versus noncoated nylon catheters.
- To assess the impact of heparinization on the thrombogenicity of catheters.
Main Methods:
- Guide wires were inserted into canine femoral arteries for 30 minutes; clots were weighed.
- Catheters (coated and uncoated) were placed in canine arteries and veins for 45 minutes, with and without heparin.
- Clot weight was measured after device removal to quantify thrombogenicity.
Main Results:
- Hydrophilically coated guide wires demonstrated significantly lower clot weights than stainless steel guide wires.
- No significant difference in clot deposition was observed between coated and uncoated catheters in arterial or venous models.
- Heparinization resulted in a striking reduction in clot formation for both types of catheters.
Conclusions:
- Hydrophilic coatings effectively reduce guide wire thrombogenicity.
- Heparinization is a highly effective strategy for mitigating catheter-induced thrombogenicity.
- Further research may explore combined coating and heparinization strategies for optimal device performance.
Abstract:
The thrombogenicities of stainless steel spring guide wires and two hydrophilically coated guide wires were compared. The guide wires were placed in canine femoral arteries for 30 minutes. The guide wires were removed, the thrombi were stripped off, and the clots were weighed. Clot weights obtained with the two hydrophilically coated guide wires were significantly less than those obtained with the stainless steel spring guide wires. The thrombogenicities of hydrophilically coated catheters and noncoated nylon catheters were compared with and without the use of heparin. Carotid arteries, jugular veins, femoral arteries, and femoral veins were used. Catheters were left in place for 45 minutes. The animals were heparinized and killed. The vessels were then removed en bloc with the catheter clamped in place. The vessels were incised, and the clot was removed and weighed. In arterial and venous catheterization, no significant difference in clot deposition was shown between the hydrophilically coated catheters and the noncoated nylon catheters. A striking reduction of thrombogenicity was achieved with heparinization of the catheters in both arteries and veins.