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Updated: May 13, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Variants of RhD--current testing and clinical consequences.

Geoff Daniels¹

¹International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK. geoff.daniels@nhsbt.nhs.uk

British Journal of Haematology

|February 26, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Rh blood group

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

Published on: June 29, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunohaematology
Blood group serology

Background:

The Rh blood group system, specifically the D antigen (RH1), is crucial in preventing transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease.
Numerous D variants exist, often classified as weak D or partial D, lacking clear definitions.
DVI is a prevalent D variant linked to anti-D antibody production, necessitating specific testing.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify the definitions and clinical significance of Rh D variants.
To provide evidence-based recommendations for managing patients and donors with D variants.
To optimize blood transfusion practices and alloimmunization prevention.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Rh D variants.
Analysis of clinical data regarding alloanti-D production associated with different D variants.
Evaluation of current UK guidelines for D variant testing and management.

Main Results:

The weak D/partial D dichotomy is insufficient for clinical management.
Weak D types 1, 2, and 3 are rarely associated with alloanti-D.
DVI is frequently implicated in anti-D production, requiring specific diagnostic reagents.

Conclusions:

Patients with weak D types 1, 2, and 3 can be safely treated as D-positive to conserve D-negative blood supplies.
Patients with other D variants, excluding DVI, should be managed as D-negative.
All donors with D variant red cells, including DVI, should be classified as D-positive.